Department for democracy and social development, swedish international development cooperation. Pdf the expanded program on immunization service delivery. Progress and achievements have been recorded by the national expanded programme on immunization in all the countries and areas of the region. Childhood immunization programs have had a dramatic impact on. A draft evap was formulated through a consultative process. The immunization program has helped in reducing the deaths of children and mothers. Pdf the expanded programme on immunisation in south africa. In 1978, a resolution was approved by the pan american sanitary conference, establishing the working capital for the paho revolving fund operations. Universal immunisation programme national health portal of. At this point, the immunisation coverage figures vary largely between regions, from more than 80% dpt 3 coverage in. Apr 07, 2016 cdcs strategic framework for global immunization, 20162020 builds on 50 years of the centers for disease control and prevention s public health leadership and global immunization expertise since we established the cdc smallpox eradication program in january 1966.
Immunization programs organization and administration. The immunization program is one of the governments highest priority programs. An immunization campaign carried out by the world health organization who from 1967 to 1977 resulted in the eradication of smallpox. Integration of hepatitis b vaccine into the expanded programme on immunization for mass vaccination of infants in areas where hbv infection is endemic and morbidity is high would be the most effective means of providing the coverage necessary for effective control and prevention. Expanded programme on immunization immunization wiley. When the programme began, the disease still threatened 60% of the worlds population and killed every fourth victim. The milestones of immunization in sri lanka are given below. Technical capacity assessment united states agency for. Surveillance for the expanded programme on immunization. This information should be available from the road to health card and from the under five register see secondary tools box. To investigate the vaccination coverage and trends in time of the epi in vietnam, 2 vaccine coverage cluster surveys have been conducted in 2003 and 2009. Review of the gambia expanded programme on immunization, august september 2001. The expanded program on immunization epi was established in 1976 to ensure that infantschildren and mothers have access to routinely recommended infantchildhood vaccines.
Unicef s immunization programme also helps identify those children that have been left behind by the health system and can bring other lifesaving care to these mothers and children. In 1985, the programme was modified as universal immunization programme uip to be implemented in phased manner to cover all. Expanded program on immunization epi 2018 epi annual report who ethiopia continued to support strengthening the expanded program on immunization in ethiopia. Surveillance at community level is strengthened by health surveillance assistants hsas.
Pdf immunization is one of the key interventions to prevent vaccine preventable deaths. In 1974, the world health organization who established the expanded program on immunization epi. The expanded program on immunization is a world health organization program with the goal to make vaccines available to all children. Principles and considerations for adding a vaccine to a national immunization programme. The expanded program on immunization service delivery in. Pdf shingai machingaidze and colleagues reflect on the successes and shortfalls of the expanded programme on immunization epi in africa, and the. Annex 1, draft regional framework for implementation of the global vaccine action plan in the western pacific, has been updated. Review of the gambia expanded programme on immunization, august september 2001 page 3 5. Expanded programme on immunization in zimbabwe per anders. By protecting children against serious diseases, vaccines play a central role in ending preventable child deaths. Industrialized countries must offer sustained support to expand immunization programmes in ways that strengthen health systems in developing countries. Coverage of the expanded program on immunization in vietnam.
A guide for conducting an expanded programme on immunization. The expanded program on immunisation epi started in ethiopia in 1980 with the intention of increasing the immunisation coverage by 10% annually and reach 100% coverage in 1990. The expanded program on immunization service delivery in the dschang health district, west region of cameroon. Expanded programme on immunisation epi aims to vaccinate children aged 015 months against ten vaccine preventable diseases vpds and. Dohs expanded program on immunization updated the expanded program on immunization seeks to ensure that children, particularly infants. The expanded programme on immunization was launched in 1980 with the objective of increasing the coverage by 10% annually. Surveillance systems include routine reporting, sentinel surveillance, and communitybased reporting. The goal of this tool is to assist child health programs in assessing the critical elements for effective program implementation, and identifying those. Cdc global health immunization new and underused vaccines. The programme aims to expand the targeted groups to include older children, adolescents and adults and work in synergy with other public health programmes in order to control disease and achieve better health for all populations, particularly the underserved populations. Many of the vaccines used in the expanded programme on immunization epi have contained aluminiumbased adjuvants. The immunization coverage rate is the proportion of the population that has been immunized. A vaccinepreventable disease that might lead to a 1 or 2week illness in anadult, could prove deadly for infants, children or elderly people. Expanded programme on immunization expanded programme on.
Six vaccinepreventable diseases were initially included in the epi. Principles and considerations for adding a vaccine to a. Expanded program on immunization established in 1976 ensure that infantschildren and mothers have access to routinely recommended infantchildhood vaccines. Immunization programme in india was introduced in 1978 as expanded programme of immunization epi by the ministry of health and family welfare, government of india. Advances and challenges for the expanded programme on immunization f t cutts who collaborating centre for the clinical evaluation of vaccines in developing countries, infectious and tropical disease department, london school of hygiene and tropical medicine, london, uk over 3 million deaths from measles, neonatal tetanus and pertussis are. By the end of 1988, the overall average rates of immunization coverage in. Immunization is a proven tool for controlling and even eradicating infectious diseases. The expanded program on immunization epi was established by the world health organization who in 1974 to provide protection against six vaccinepreventable diseases through routine infant immunization. Pdf strengthening the expanded programme on immunization in. Immunization schedule expanded program on immunization. Regional framework for implementation of the global vaccine action plan in the western pacific corrigendum 1. Due to the rapidly expanding environment in the immunization field, some information published in the previous edition of the immunization handbook is already outdated. A study was carried out to find out the impact of integrated child development services scheme delivering nutrition, health, and education services to preschool children, pregnant women, and lactating mothers on the expanded programme of immunization.
However, the coverage in the first 20 years was very low although during the 1990s good progress was observed through universal child immunization uci. The expanded program on immunization epi in vietnam began in 1981 and reached a 87% national coverage rate in 1987. Universal immunisation programme national health portal. Working together with the government at all levels and partners, several achievements were registered since the launching of the epi program. Advances and challenges for the expanded programme on. The aim of a comprehensive immunization programme is to raise the level of herd immunity so that almost everyone in the population is immune. Pdf effectiveness of immunization zambia anitha menon. Expanded program on immunization department of health. For the expanded programme on immunization epi, the past decade has been one of building national immunization systems, with the primary. Since 2010, the national targets have been to achieve a national coverage. The expanded programme on immunization epi established in 1978, has continued to make excellent progress over the past two decades, most notably in terms of achieving high immunization coverage and disease control. Immunization programmes will need to be tailored to the level of economic and health systems development of a country. In 1985, the programme was modified as universal immunization programme uip to be implemented in phased manner to cover all districts in the country by 198990 with the one of largest health programme in the world.
The objective of the expanded programme on immunization epi is to control the target diseases. The expanded program on immunization epi was introduced in cameroon in 1976. Technical capacity assessment tca for expanded program on immunization goal. The expanded programme on immunization remains committed to its goal of universal access to all relevant vaccines for all at risk. Surveillance is the foundation of public health practice. The expanded programme on immunization currently focuses on three main diseases that are of global concern for eradication and elimination.
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